10 Commandments of Web Development for Business

In today’s marketplace, there is no single asset more foundational to the growth of your business than your website. Yet all too often, business growth objectives are not put front and center in the web development process. Every site that exists within the Web marketing universe can be categorized into one of two basic types: the one-hit brochure site and the superstar site that makes the cash register ring. To grow, you need a superstar site. To successfully build a superstar site, there are 10 fundamental rules that must be followed. Everyone involved throughout the life of the site, especially you the business owner or marketer, must understand and adhere to these commandments. Don’t be intimidated by the technology that exists behind the scenes. Own the process and make sure your site serves your business, not the other way around.

Put business growth objectives first

Due to the complexities of the architecture underlying any website, there has long been the misperception that web development is primarily a function of IT or engineering. As a result, technical capabilities, goals and trends – rather than business objectives – tend to be what drive the process. In reality, website development is first and foremost a function of marketing and business growth and must be treated as such from the ground up. Whether you are launching a new site or rebuilding your existing site, the first step is to draw up a list of all business objectives for your organization, whether it is to increase your customer base, expand your share of an existing market, enter a new market or all of the above. This list should be exhaustive, with each goal assigned a rank in order of priority. Only then can you begin the process of translating business objectives into objectives for your website – for driving traffic, increasing awareness of your brand, boosting sales and converting visitors into customers into fans. Ultimately, this analysis will provide the razor-sharp clarity you need to direct those building the site, making the development process much easier and more straightforward. It is also the only way to ensure that the end result not only reflects your organization – what it is, what it does, where it is and where it’s going – but effectively promotes its goals.

Know your audience from the inside out

Once you’ve clearly stated your business objectives, the next step is to gain a thorough understanding of your target audience. Map out all of the various segments – from those on the fringe of your market to interested prospects to your existing customer base to your brand evangelists – so that you can determine how your website can best serve each group to further your goals. Identify and examine each segment methodically. What percentage of your total audience does each comprise? What differentiates one from another? Who exists within each segment, and what are their motivations? What level of sophistication do they have regarding your product or service? How does your product or service affect their lives? What are the sales objections to overcome with each one? Then, take it a step further to understand each segment in ways that transcend their direct relationship to your business. What interests them? What are they passionate about? How do they spend their leisure time? What do they read? Is there an opportunity for you to play a part in their lives that goes beyond your immediate business offering? You must also understand the factors that cause an individual to move from one segment to another. What motivates them to come to your site or to your store? What brings them to that point of buying from you? What is it about the product or experience you offer that prompts a customer to become an evangelist who draws additional prospects to your organization? Completing this analysis will give you a clear picture of your entire audience. It will enable you to speak to each segment directly and relevantly without the static of inapplicable elements getting in the way, appealing to their unique set of motivations to propel them along the continuum from outer rim prospect to brand evangelist. This is the basis not only of good site architecture but of building strong traffic and of sharpening the sales conversion process.

Organize your site around motivations

At this point, you have identified and weighed your business objectives and profiled your target audience. Now you must apply your analysis of goals and motivations to create your site map. No matter the specific interests or demographic profile of your target audience, ultimately all users within the web marketing universe fall into one of five categories. These are:

1. The casual visitor: Those along the outer rim of your market that are available for you to capture and drive to your site
2. The repeat visitor: Those that make use of your website’s function, content or utility (not to be confused with your direct offering) on a regular basis
3. The interested sales prospect: Those who are interested your organization’s product or service offering
4. The customer: Those that buy from your website
5. The fan: Those who love you, what you do or your products enough to be an evangelist for your brand

Your site map must identify the elements required to move your audience along the continuum from casual visitor to fan. It must focus on providing funnels to propel visitors toward action. The recipe for successful business growth today begins with mastering these objectives in your site’s architecture. Casual visitors need a reason to come to your site in the first place. This involves creating either compelling content or purpose in utility. The key to driving traffic to your site lies in making an investment in building your reputation on the Web for providing resources, inspiration and expertise that are meaningful to the casual visitor. Converting casual visitors to core, repeat users requires exceptional effort in the areas of content and utility. If your approach favors content, then you need to publish original content on a regular basis in order to give your visitors a reason to subscribe and return frequently. If your method leans toward providing utility, then you need to offer powerful functions that are unique in your market in order for your visitors to bookmark you as a resource. Now that you have a strong influx of visitors to your site, it is critical to make the most of the opportunity to expose those visitors to your brand and your company’s offering in a way that will produce consistent sales results. Return to your analysis of your audience segments, their motivations and their potential objections. Ensure that your site provides solutions to their needs and answers to their questions in order to overcome objections and convert prospects into customers. Your site map must identify the elements required to move your audience along the continuum from casual visitor to fan.Once a customer has been won, the next step is to cultivate their ongoing loyalty. This type of visitor is not like the casual or repeat visitor. To promote the growth of your business, you must not only to serve your customers in order to keep them but over-serve them in order to transform them into fans. The fan is the most highly desired state for your customer to attain. Fans do your marketing for you in a way that other methods simply cannot rival. They come back again and again, bringing with them more visitors and helping to create new customers. Taking care of your fans entails its own responsibilities and set of motivations that must be addressed. You must engage these people in order to fuel their evangelism. Hand them a megaphone and give them 15 minutes of fame. Open lines of communication to allow them to offer feedback. Provide added incentive by rewarding their loyalty. Build an online community of like-minded individuals that they can identify with and participate in. Whatever your approach, make sure that your site map clearly identifies pathways for creating and nurturing fans of your brand. Your success in today’s marketplace is founded in the decisions you make in creating your site’s blueprints. Your site map is not just another stage in development – it is your strategic marketing plan for business growth.

Never implement without the ability to measure

A superstar site is not a brochure. It is an ever-evolving, dynamic entity that drives growth and is the catalyst around which your fan base develops. As such, everything your site does must be able to be reshaped, retooled and sharpened for maximum effectiveness. You must know what works well and what doesn’t when measured against your business objectives and the motivations of your target audience segments. The specifics of this analysis are different for every website and company. However, in broad terms, your site can be evaluated based on its performance along two indices, referred to as the ESM/ISM model:

• External Site Motivator (ESM): What brings visitors to the site? Where do they come from? What are they interested in?
• Internal Site Motivator (ISM): What motivates visitors to take action or evolve along the continuum into the next stage of user?

Optimizing the performance of your site is a lot like playing golf. Few hit the sweet spot consistently right off the bat. In the same way practice makes perfect in sports, great developers of website architecture, design and community have mastered the ability to direct the evolution of the sites they create in response to these performance metrics. Whether you are a local retailer or a worldwide software company, remaining diligent in the ongoing analysis of your site as well as each individual element you implement will allow you to eliminate what doesn’t work and promote what does.

Always opt for simplicity in design

The number one reason visitors leave a website is confusion. Either they do not find what they want quickly enough, the site presents obstacles that interrupt their progress or a lack of organization and quality content yields an unsatisfying user experience. The Internet is riddled with sites where creative design has been allowed to take priority over interface design, leaving the content and business objectives to suffer. The net result of this is a negative user experience and a poor impression of the brand. In Steve Krug’s book, Don’t Make Me Think, he goes on a warpath on confusing interfaces and flashy gimmicks that stop users dead in their tracks. The fact is, few websites – particularly those that strive to create a reputation for content and utility – focus on simplicity and ease-of-use. As a rule, the more a website does and the more it offers, the more difficult it is to navigate, as developers struggle to overcome more rigorous demands on interface design and usability. A good creative framework is one that does its job – funneling visitors according to motivation and promoting action – and then gets out of the way. Ensure that your site focuses on providing value in what it says and the functionality it offers rather than on showcasing a flashy interface that will only confuse or frustrate the user. To use a familiar example, think of a magazine’s interface. There are a table of contents and page numbers. The interface is simple – just turn the page – and as a result, the emphasis is inherently on the magazine’s content. Few websites – particularly those that strive to create a reputation for content and utility – focus on simplicity and ease-of-use.And while a website’s content is exponentially more dynamic and robust than that of a magazine, its interface and navigation should always meet the challenge of staying equally streamlined and intuitive. Let’s take a look at the master of interface design: Apple. From its website to its devices to its operating system, Apple creates products with tremendous technological capabilities. However, what defines Apple and differentiates them from their competitors is one thing – simplicity. In addition, you must be sure to guard your website against design fatigue. It is easy to look at a site one time and like it. To keep your investment in tact, you and your website designers must consider how the site’s design will stand up over the course of a thousand page views and many years. Strive in every way to protect your site’s content and its business objectives, and keep things simple with a design that doesn’t just look good today but stands the test of time.

Master the art of creating good content and publish it regularly

Content is not your brochure copy. It is not your sales pitch for the product or service you are selling. It is, however, about you, what you do and what you think as well as what others are interested in or inspired by around your direct offering. It does not require an investment by the viewer in your direct offering but must be of interest on its own merits. To compare it with a more familiar system, the business operation of a magazine relies on two parts: content that is compelling or interesting to the reader and advertisements that are in someway either related to that content or to the reader directly. The truth is business growth depends on quality content. Sales, conversions and customers are a numbers game, and the traffic you draw to your website directly correlates to your bottom line. Conquering the challenge of bringing interested, applicable prospects to your site is the first step, and this is achieved by having a reputation for content. Every business can do this. If you have customers, then they have interest in buying from you. You create a solution for them and, as such, have a greater opportunity to be a part of their lives. If you are still uncertain how to proceed, then you are not alone. Mastering the art of creating good content on a regular basis requires a complete departure from the mentality of conventional advertising, and a good trustcasting company is worth its weight in gold for the guidance it can provide in this area. Consult with your site’s architect and make sure that you have a plan in place to use content to drive traffic over the long-term.

Propel visitors through your site

Developing a reputation for your site as a source of fresh, compelling information that captures and holds the reader’s interest is the key to getting visitors. This is the reason behind the tried-and-true mantra “content is king.” However, many sites that strive to offer good content do not invest in sound information architecture. They do a poor job of mapping the relationship between the content catalog and all other elements within the website. If a visitor is perusing the content on your site, it is because they are interested in something about what you have to say or show. Ask yourself what elements within your direct offering relate to this area of interest? Create an organizational tree that identifies the pertinent elements of all content and use in conjunction with keyword tags that can relate elements that may not be able to be structured. Integrate these elements into your site’s architecture. Never let the current piece of content being viewed be the last one.For every piece of content, the website’s framework should provide avenues to promote further reading or action. If a user is reading an article about best practices for baking, then entice them to delve deeper into the site with a collection of bread recipes or a slideshow of staff recommendations for their favorite tools of the trade. Perhaps there are related actions such as a set of kitchen utensils for sale in an online store which are used in a featured recipe. Consider also that many visitors don’t arrive through the front door. If your content is truly great, it is going to get picked up by other sources. Visitors that land on a specific piece of content need to see that there is a catalog of related material that also serves their interests. You invest so much in driving visitors to your site, don’t waste the opportunity once you have them there. Never let the current piece of content being viewed be the last one. Make sure all of your content is related and that it is presented in a way that keeps the user turning the pages along their track of interest. You want to create a powerful hold over your audience so that they must turn you off reluctantly. You want them to see that there is more available to them than can be consumed in one session. Seeing that you not only have one interesting thing to say but that you have an entire catalog on a subject gives people a reason to bookmark your website, turning the casual visitor into an exponentially more valuable repeat user.

Separate technology from content

Good websites are built on strong foundations that allow for constant growth and evolution as business and performance metrics dictate. As such, your web developer’s approach to building your site must be one guided by a long-term vision. Your website is an ongoing investment, not a one-time project that can be checked off a task list. The site must have a solid foundation that can support changes that sharpen its performance and meet your company’s ever-changing needs without costly rebuilding. Content must be separated from the website’s design and framework. Each piece of the site must be able to stand on its own and evolve independently without interrupting others. As the person charged with business growth in your company, it can be a difficult task to ensure that your site is being built in the right way. This is akin to knowing if your house is built cheaply or with sound materials and methods. You have to know a bit about the process and have the experience to tell the difference. Ask these questions of yourself and your web developers to ensure your site is being built for the long-haul:

1. Is there a clear and strict separation in the site’s content and its technical framework? Are all required elements of your content mapped out?
2. Can the styles and elements of all content within the site be changed in one place easily?
3. Can the CMS (content management system) evolve with your site and its content?
4. How expensive is it to replace the site’s framework and organization? How will this affect your content?
5. Is each function of the site modularized and changeable without interrupting other portions of the site?
6. Are you dependent on any proprietary technology?
7. How difficult would it be for another web developer pick up where the previous developers left off?
8. Can you easily port your content to a mobile platform?
9. Are the content catalog and all site elements arranged and organized to allow for the relationships required now and in the future?
10. Envision where your site should be in one, two and 10 years. Can it achieve these goals based upon the foundation you are building? Can your content catalog and its supporting database expand with your business goals?

The technical side of website development can be very difficult to understand. Often confusion in this area results in a site that is too difficult to update or evolve, leaving the company with a dead, stale, ineffectual site that eats up funds rather than grows business.

Empower people to manage content

It is a common occurrence that websites – even the ones that start with the best of intentions and a great foundation – falter when it comes to publishing meaningful content consistently. Just as content is the lifeblood of a superstar website, the site that fails to live up to this commitment after launch sabotages its reputation immediately. The key to maintaining a consistent flow of great content is shaping the organization’s culture around it. Websites must be built with sound content management systems that give control of the dynamic content to the right people within their area of responsibility and expertise. While not all organizations have multiple departments managing its functions, a website’s CMS must be flexible enough to allow discrete access to the right people in the right areas. Human resources must control job postings; public relations should have access to manage news; volunteer coordinators must control opportunity postings; product managers must control product details and moderators need to approve comments to feature articles and blog postings. Having invested correctly in the steps to build a superstar website, your organization’s culture of marketing must be reformed to support it. Following good practices and planting a good foundation, you must apply the required due diligence to determine changes in your organization in order to keep the website publishing and in constant forward movement.

Plug into the greater Web marketing universe

Websites don’t come with visitors. The visitors are at other sites, where they are engaging in conversation, discussing news, organizing meetings and sharing content. In order to build traffic, your site must be built on an open model. Even the best websites cannot perform well in a vacuum. The conversation in your industry and around your business offering is happening outside of your site, whether you are there or not. As such, your website must be built to interact in all applicable communities outside of itself. Your visitors must be easily able to share content with other sites. Moreover, you need to be an active participant in other networks in order to allow people to connect with your brand outside of your domain. In doing so, you are not only plugging in to existing communities that have millions of regular users but also building a path that leads back to your own website in order to being the process of creating community around your own brand. What’s more, search engines recognize the leaders in categories by how well-established their websites and their content are outside their domain. Popularity in the greater community means higher rankings from search engines, which in turn funnels more visitors to your website. Part of the responsibility for following these rules resides with the site’s developer. However, your organization must also make a priority of incorporating these practices in its daily operations and systems. This blueprint for success will pay enormous dividends if you not only build a website that interacts with the greater Web universe but also maintain an open philosophy in your message, content and participation.

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Building a Thriving Community Ecosystem: The Five Essential Elements

What is an ecosystem?

In nature, an ecosystem is defined as “a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their environment.” In today’s culture of the Web, an online ecosystem is essentially the same thing – the organic result of the interactions that occur between the members of a community and the environment that they live in. It cannot be defined in and of itself but only as the sum of its thousand moving parts. For brands that exist in today’s culture of the Web, there is no higher echelon of marketing than establishing your own community ecosystem. Why? Well, it’s one thing to interact with your customers and fans in an ecosystem that someone else has built (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, etc.). However, because you didn’t build the ecosystem, you’re limited to one-off interactions that are structured according to the framework defined by the architects of that community (140 characters, anyone?). On the other hand, however, when you’re the one that builds the sandbox, it’s your party. Your website becomes the place where members of your tribe choose to hang out, to debate, to share and to be inspired by their peers – who, incidentally, are other members of your tribe. Most importantly, their identity as a member of this community is inextricably linked to your brand. It’s a marketer’s wildest dream come true. The process of building a thriving ecosystem is no small feat. Here are the five essential elements that you must have if you want to create a real, organic online community that simultaneously exists for and is a product of your tribe:

Earth: The foundation

Before you can build an ecosystem, you have to lay the foundation. But where do you begin? In our series on understanding and marketing to tribes, we established that tribes form around a shared passion for a specific idea, lifestyle or movement. Therefore, for your ecosystem to thrive, there must be a common thread that draws people in and binds them to the community and its members so that they identify themselves as part of your tribe. Your goal is not to build the next Facebook. People don’t need just another broad-based social network where they can set up a profile and post their thoughts. That already exists in any number of places where they already do those things. What people are yearning for is to be among and connect with other people who share their passions. When you build a community around that passion, they’ll come there knowing it’s a place where they can satisfy that need to belong, where they’ll be among others who speak the same language and where they’re free to obsess over something with like-minded people who won’t mind if they talk ad nauseum about that one particular thing that really stokes their fire. So how do you find that common thread? Think about your customers. What do they love? What excites them? What challenges do they face day in and day out? What do they worry about? How can you tap into those things? The answer to those questions is the foundation for your ecosystem. By identifying the common passion that unites your tribe, you can begin to build a community where great interactions will thrive. Even if your brand only ever lives at the periphery of those interactions, that’s okay. Remember, too, that among those who populate your ecosystem there will be individuals who are already your customer, might someday be your customer or may never be your customer, and that’s okay, too. The fact that you exist at the root of all of it will yield greater rewards than you could ever imagine.

Air: Sharing

The ability to interact with other members in meaningful ways is as critical to the life of an ecosystem as the air we breathe; in its absence, the community suffocates. An ecosystem is not a blog with comments. While commenters may well respond to one another on occasion, these interactions are limited in scope to the content to which they are attached. There’s nowhere else for these commenters to go to keep the conversation going or to talk about a different subject entirely. An ecosystem is not a message board where people come to get help or resolve a problem. Once that problem is solved, they move on and never come back; they don’t identify themselves with or feel any lasting ties to the community. An ecosystem is a place where people can share the things matter to them in ways that are meaningful to them. It starts with being able to establish a profile – one that’s more than simply a name and a photo. You need to give people the ability to define who they are in the context of that community and its foundation. Then they need outlets to share their own ideas, photos and videos and to interact with others around that shared content. It’s this level of highly personalized sharing that forges deep, persistent bonds among members of a community. NASCAR driver Ryan Newman’s Fan Club site is built around keeping its members engaged and active by giving them many different ways to share and interact. They can post their own videos, build photo albums, join the conversation on community message boards and even chat with other members in real time. Again, keep in mind that all the sharing that takes place in your ecosystem may have very little to do with your products or services. And that’s exactly what you want because a community that will thrive over the long haul is one that exists to serve its members, not your brand and your business. As long as you’re the one providing the arena where these exchanges are taking place, you’ll benefit immeasurably from constant exposure and engagement.

Water: Leadership

Good tribe leadership is the water that helps a fledgling ecosystem grow and keeps an established ecosystem strong and thriving. The task of providing good leadership is actually more challenging than it may at first seem. In the traditional world of marketing, everything was centered around presenting a carefully cultivated message and never allowing the customer to see any cracks in the perfectly polished veneer of a brand’s image. But that approach doesn’t work in the world of the online ecosystem. You must be comfortable walking among the members of your community and interacting with them on a human level. You must be willing to drop the corporate mask and be authentic. Think of your role as the leader of your community as being the host of a party. It’s not your job to dominate every conversation or to restrict what your friends are and are not allowed to talk about. It is your job to provide good fodder for discussion, to fill in the gaps when you sense a lull in the conversation and to help everyone feel at home and included.

Fire: Rewards

The members of your ecosystem that make the wittiest comments, spark the healthiest debates or share the most interesting content are the ones that keep the community vibrant. So how do you motivate them to keep doing what they do best? In today’s fame-obsessed culture, everyone wants their 15 minutes of notoriety, and everyone wants to feel like a celebrity in their own circles. People are driven by the opportunity to be elevated to a position of higher esteem among their peers. Therefore, if you want to stoke the fires of participation in your ecosystem, recognition is the name of the game. Give the members of your community ways to participate that are all about them, and then reward them for that participation. Distinctions such as “photo of the day” or “most viewed video” reward the creator by putting him or her in the spotlight. Call them out from the crowd, and you'll feed their craving for more recognition. The key to establishing an effective reward system is knowing what motivates the members of your community. For example, because racing fans thrive on competition, the Ryan Newman Fan Club community is built around a points system. Members who start discussions or who post photos and videos can earn points – or votes – from other members that put them in the running for a spot on the fan club’s leaderboard. Points are tallied throughout the racing season, with prizes awarded to the top performer each month as well as the top overall points earner for the season.

Aether: The essence

Aristotle defined aether as the quintessence – the immutable substance that makes up the heavens and stars. When it comes to online ecosystems, the aether is the intangible element – the sine qua non – that makes being a member of your community something to be desired. Think about the most popular nightclub in town. Why do people go there? It’s not just to listen to music. It’s not just to drink a martini. It’s not just to hang out with their friends. They could do all of those things in any number of places. There’s something in the atmosphere – an indefinable quality – that propels them to go to that one club rather than any of the dozens of others in the same vicinity. Perhaps it’s that when they go there, they’re surrounded by people just like them. Or perhaps they’re surrounded by people that they aspire to be like. Maybe it’s the bragging rights that come with being “seen” in the place that everyone’s buzzing about. Your ecosystem needs the same thing. There has to be some sense of status or value attached to being able to claim membership in your tribe. This is the one element of your ecosystem that you have the least control over. You simply can’t manufacture the essence, nor can you make a proclamation that this is what makes your community special. In fact, the essence can only emerge when it’s allowed to develop organically. When you see members of your community sharing inside jokes, developing their own language, even making plans to meet up offline – that’s when you’ll know you have the essence. The best thing you can do when you recognize it is to subtly encourage those members or activities that you see happening around it so that it continues to flourish.

It’s your sandbox.

The prospect of building your own community ecosystem is certainly daunting. There’s much at stake and many unknowns that you must contend with. In sharp contrast to the world of traditional marketing, there’s a distinct lack of control. An ecosystem can only thrive when allowed to develop and grow naturally and on its own timeline. As soon as you start to restrict or interfere too much, it will wither on the vine. Entering the realm of ecosystem building requires a leap of faith. However, just as building the trust that your customers have in your brand is paramount to the growth of your business, putting trust in your customers is essential to the growth of your ecosystem. If you can relinquish the need for control and truly let the members of your community take ownership of it, you’ll be amazed at the results that unfold. Interactions will become vibrant and nuanced, natural leaders will emerge and the community will truly take on a life of its own. And in today’s marketplace, there is no more powerful force for business growth than a large and engaged community that’s homed around your brand.

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